{"id":166,"date":"2019-10-17T17:02:07","date_gmt":"2019-10-17T17:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/4-4-ans-medication-classes-and-nursing-considerations\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T11:10:37","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T11:10:37","slug":"4-4-ans-medication-classes-and-nursing-considerations","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/4-4-ans-medication-classes-and-nursing-considerations\/","title":{"raw":"4.4 ANS Medication Classes and Nursing Considerations","rendered":"4.4 ANS Medication Classes and Nursing Considerations"},"content":{"raw":"Classes of medication, categorized according to neuroreceptor, are further discussed in more detail below. Table 4.2[footnote]This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup> contrasts agonist and antagonist medications for each ANS neuroreceptor.\n\nTable 4.2 Comparison of Prototype Medications that Stimulate Versus Inhibit PNS and SNS Receptors\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Receptor<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Stimulation (Agonist)<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Inhibition (Antagonist)<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Nicotine<\/strong><\/th>\nNicotine is a muscle relaxant with CNS effects. Nicotine patch<\/strong><\/a> is used for nicotine addiction by slowly reducing dose and avoiding withdrawal effects<\/td>\nNot clinically applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Muscarinic<\/strong><\/th>\nPilocarpine<\/strong><\/a> causes muscle contraction; assists with glaucoma by contracting ciliary muscle and draining fluid<\/td>\nAtropine<\/strong><\/a> in small doses inhibits secretions; in moderate doses increases heart rate; in large doses decreases gastrointestinal motility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alpha-1<\/strong><\/th>\nPseudoephedrine<\/strong><\/a> and Phenylephrine<\/strong><\/a> cause vasoconstriction, decreased swelling of mucus membranes, and decreased secretions<\/td>\nTamsulosin<\/strong><\/a> relaxes smooth muscle in bladder\/prostate to improve urine flow and also decreases blood pressure due to vasodilation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alpha-2<\/strong><\/th>\nClonidine<\/strong><\/a> decreases CNS outflow to treat ADHD and also reduces blood pressure and heart rate<\/td>\nLimited clinical use<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beta-1<\/strong><\/th>\nDobutamine<\/strong><\/a> increases heart rate, force of heart contraction, and speed of conduction between SA to AV nodes<\/td>\nSelective B blocker:<\/strong>\u00a0Metoprolol<\/strong><\/a> works on Beta-1 receptors to decrease blood pressure and heart rate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beta-2<\/strong><\/th>\nAlbuterol<\/strong><\/a> used for bronchodilation<\/td>\nNonselective B blocker:<\/strong> Propranolol<\/strong><\/a> works on Beta-2 and Beta-1 receptors; decreases blood pressure but can also cause bronchoconstriction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Catecholamines stimulate multiple adrenergic receptors<\/strong><\/th>\nEpinephrine<\/strong><\/a> and Norepinephrine<\/strong><\/a>: stimulate alpha- and<\/span> beta-receptors on target organs, causing increased heart rate and vasoconstriction for improved blood flow to essential organs<\/span>\n\nDopamine<\/strong><\/a> has dose-dependent effects that target arteries in the kidneys, heart, and brain<\/td>\nNot clinically applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\nSupplementary Videos<\/strong>:\u00a0 See the supplementary videos below related to sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system medications.\n
\n

Sympathetic Nervous System Drugs<\/h3>\n[footnote]Forciea, B. (2018, January 12). Sympathetic nervous system drugs. [Video]. YouTube. All rights reserved.\u00a0 Video used with permission.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/youtu.be\/-e_s-jTPtm4<\/a> [\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-e_s-jTPtm4[\/embed]\n\n \n

Parasympathetic Nervous System Drugs<\/h3>\n[footnote]Forciea, B. (2018, February 2). Parasympathetic nervous system drugs. [Video]. YouTube. All rights reserved. Video used with permission.\u00a0https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZSRk_NkbBPg<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZSRk_NkbBPg[\/embed]\n\n \n\n<\/div>","rendered":"

Classes of medication, categorized according to neuroreceptor, are further discussed in more detail below. Table 4.2[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup> contrasts agonist and antagonist medications for each ANS neuroreceptor.<\/p>\n

Table 4.2 Comparison of Prototype Medications that Stimulate Versus Inhibit PNS and SNS Receptors<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Receptor<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Stimulation (Agonist)<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Inhibition (Antagonist)<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Nicotine<\/strong><\/th>\nNicotine is a muscle relaxant with CNS effects. Nicotine patch<\/strong><\/a> is used for nicotine addiction by slowly reducing dose and avoiding withdrawal effects<\/td>\nNot clinically applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Muscarinic<\/strong><\/th>\nPilocarpine<\/strong><\/a> causes muscle contraction; assists with glaucoma by contracting ciliary muscle and draining fluid<\/td>\nAtropine<\/strong><\/a> in small doses inhibits secretions; in moderate doses increases heart rate; in large doses decreases gastrointestinal motility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alpha-1<\/strong><\/th>\nPseudoephedrine<\/strong><\/a> and Phenylephrine<\/strong><\/a> cause vasoconstriction, decreased swelling of mucus membranes, and decreased secretions<\/td>\nTamsulosin<\/strong><\/a> relaxes smooth muscle in bladder\/prostate to improve urine flow and also decreases blood pressure due to vasodilation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alpha-2<\/strong><\/th>\nClonidine<\/strong><\/a> decreases CNS outflow to treat ADHD and also reduces blood pressure and heart rate<\/td>\nLimited clinical use<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beta-1<\/strong><\/th>\nDobutamine<\/strong><\/a> increases heart rate, force of heart contraction, and speed of conduction between SA to AV nodes<\/td>\nSelective B blocker:<\/strong>\u00a0Metoprolol<\/strong><\/a> works on Beta-1 receptors to decrease blood pressure and heart rate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beta-2<\/strong><\/th>\nAlbuterol<\/strong><\/a> used for bronchodilation<\/td>\nNonselective B blocker:<\/strong> Propranolol<\/strong><\/a> works on Beta-2 and Beta-1 receptors; decreases blood pressure but can also cause bronchoconstriction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Catecholamines stimulate multiple adrenergic receptors<\/strong><\/th>\nEpinephrine<\/strong><\/a> and Norepinephrine<\/strong><\/a>: stimulate alpha- and<\/span> beta-receptors on target organs, causing increased heart rate and vasoconstriction for improved blood flow to essential organs<\/span><\/p>\n

Dopamine<\/strong><\/a> has dose-dependent effects that target arteries in the kidneys, heart, and brain<\/td>\n

Not clinically applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Supplementary Videos<\/strong>:\u00a0 See the supplementary videos below related to sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system medications.<\/p>\n

\n

Sympathetic Nervous System Drugs<\/h3>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n