{"id":227,"date":"2019-11-14T18:59:33","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T18:59:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/5-10-beta-2-agonist\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T11:11:22","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T11:11:22","slug":"5-10-beta-2-agonist","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/5-10-beta-2-agonist\/","title":{"raw":"5.10 Beta-2 Agonist","rendered":"5.10 Beta-2 Agonist"},"content":{"raw":"Albuterol is an example of a short-acting Beta-2 agonist. See Figures 5.11[footnote]\"Ventolin\u00ae HFA (Albuterol Sulfate) Inhaler.jpg<\/a>\" by MisterNarwhal<\/a> is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup> and 5.12[footnote]\"Albuterol 2.jpg<\/a>\" by Mark Oniffrey<\/a> is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup> for images of an albuterol inhaler and nebulizer.\n\nSalmeterol is an example of a long-acting Beta-2 agonist.\n\nSee the \"Autonomic Nervous System\" chapter for more information regarding Beta-2 agonists.\n\n \n\n[caption id=\"attachment_226\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"281\"]\"Photo Figure 5.11 An albuterol inhaler[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_226\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]\"Photo Figure\u00a0 5.12 A vial of albuterol sulfate for inhalation[\/caption]\n\nMechanism of Action<\/strong>\n\nAlbuterol and salmeterol stimulate Beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles producing bronchodilation. Beta-1 receptors can also be inadvertently stimulated, causing tachycardia.\n\nIndications for Use<\/strong>\n\nShort-acting albuterol is used to prevent or treat bronchospasms in people with asthma, reversible obstructive airway disease, or exercise-induced bronchospasm. Long-acting salmeterol is used to prevent bronchospasm.\n\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong>\n\nBeta-2 agonists can cause muscle tremor, excessive cardiac stimulation, and CNS stimulation.[footnote]Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S. (2018). Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice <\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.[\/footnote]\n\nPatient Teaching & Education<\/strong>\n\nPatients should be instructed to take medication as directed and report any sustained or worsening symptoms to their healthcare provider.\u00a0 When first using an inhaler, patients should be instructed to prime the inhaler unit prior to administering their medication.\u00a0 Use of medications like albuterol can cause an unusual taste in the mouth and rinsing the mouth with water after use is permitted.\u00a0 Patients should have an understanding of medication onset and use short-acting and long-acting inhalers appropriately.[footnote]uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a>[\/footnote]\n\nNow let's take a closer look at the medication grid for albuterol and salmeterol in Table 5.10.[footnote]This work is a derivative of\u00a0Pharmacology Notes: Nursing Implications for Clinical Practice<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Gloria Velarde<\/a>\u00a0licensed under\u00a0CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a>.[\/footnote],[footnote]This work is a derivative of\u00a0Daily Med<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a>\u00a0in the public domain. [\/footnote],[footnote]Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S. (2018).\u00a0Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice\u00a0<\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.[\/footnote],[footnote]This work is a derivative of\u00a0Daily Med<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a>\u00a0in the public domain<\/a>. [\/footnote],[footnote]Adams, M., Holland, N., & Urban, C. (2020).\u00a0Pharmacology for nurses: A pathophysiologic approach\u00a0<\/em>(6th ed.). pp. 622-63 & 626. Pearson.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/sup>\n\nTable 5.10 Albuterol and Salmeterol Medication Grid\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Class\/Subclass<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Prototype\/Generic<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Administration Consideration<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Therapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Adverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Short-acting Beta-2 agonist (SABA)<\/th>\nalbuterol<\/a><\/td>\nFast onset of action<\/td>\nRapid bronchodilation\n\n <\/td>\nCNS stimulation (excitability)\n\nCardiovascular stimulation (tachycardia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Long-acting Beta-2 agonist (LABA)<\/th>\nsalmeterol<\/a><\/td>\nHas a slow onset of action and will not abort an acute bronchospasm\n\nIncreased risk of death with use during an \"asthma attack\" due to slow onset of action<\/td>\nPrevention of bronchospasm<\/td>\nTachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, paradoxical bronchoconstriction, and increased risk for asthma- related death<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","rendered":"

Albuterol is an example of a short-acting Beta-2 agonist. See Figures 5.11[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup> and 5.12[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup> for images of an albuterol inhaler and nebulizer.<\/p>\n

Salmeterol is an example of a long-acting Beta-2 agonist.<\/p>\n

See the “Autonomic Nervous System” chapter for more information regarding Beta-2 agonists.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Photo
Figure 5.11 An albuterol inhaler<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Photo
Figure\u00a0 5.12 A vial of albuterol sulfate for inhalation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mechanism of Action<\/strong><\/p>\n

Albuterol and salmeterol stimulate Beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles producing bronchodilation. Beta-1 receptors can also be inadvertently stimulated, causing tachycardia.<\/p>\n

Indications for Use<\/strong><\/p>\n

Short-acting albuterol is used to prevent or treat bronchospasms in people with asthma, reversible obstructive airway disease, or exercise-induced bronchospasm. Long-acting salmeterol is used to prevent bronchospasm.<\/p>\n

Adverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n

Beta-2 agonists can cause muscle tremor, excessive cardiac stimulation, and CNS stimulation.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Patient Teaching & Education<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patients should be instructed to take medication as directed and report any sustained or worsening symptoms to their healthcare provider.\u00a0 When first using an inhaler, patients should be instructed to prime the inhaler unit prior to administering their medication.\u00a0 Use of medications like albuterol can cause an unusual taste in the mouth and rinsing the mouth with water after use is permitted.\u00a0 Patients should have an understanding of medication onset and use short-acting and long-acting inhalers appropriately.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Now let’s take a closer look at the medication grid for albuterol and salmeterol in Table 5.10.[5]<\/sup><\/a>,[6]<\/sup><\/a>,[7]<\/sup><\/a>,[8]<\/sup><\/a>,[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Table 5.10 Albuterol and Salmeterol Medication Grid<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Class\/Subclass<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Prototype\/Generic<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Administration Consideration<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Therapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Adverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Short-acting Beta-2 agonist (SABA)<\/th>\nalbuterol<\/a><\/td>\nFast onset of action<\/td>\nRapid bronchodilation<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

CNS stimulation (excitability)<\/p>\n

Cardiovascular stimulation (tachycardia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Long-acting Beta-2 agonist (LABA)<\/th>\nsalmeterol<\/a><\/td>\nHas a slow onset of action and will not abort an acute bronchospasm<\/p>\n

Increased risk of death with use during an “asthma attack” due to slow onset of action<\/td>\n

Prevention of bronchospasm<\/td>\nTachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, paradoxical bronchoconstriction, and increased risk for asthma- related death<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
  1. \"Ventolin\u00ae HFA (Albuterol Sulfate) Inhaler.jpg<\/a>\" by MisterNarwhal<\/a> is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. \"Albuterol 2.jpg<\/a>\" by Mark Oniffrey<\/a> is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S. (2018). Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice <\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  5. This work is a derivative of\u00a0Pharmacology Notes: Nursing Implications for Clinical Practice<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Gloria Velarde<\/a>\u00a0licensed under\u00a0CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  6. This work is a derivative of\u00a0Daily Med<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a>\u00a0in the public domain. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  7. Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S. (2018).\u00a0Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice\u00a0<\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  8. This work is a derivative of\u00a0Daily Med<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a>\u00a0in the public domain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  9. Adams, M., Holland, N., & Urban, C. (2020).\u00a0Pharmacology for nurses: A pathophysiologic approach\u00a0<\/em>(6th ed.). pp. 622-63 & 626. Pearson. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":10,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[53],"class_list":["post-227","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by"],"part":195,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":228,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/227\/revisions\/228"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/195"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/227\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}