{"id":241,"date":"2019-11-14T21:05:23","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T21:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/5-14-xanthine-derivatives\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T11:11:37","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T11:11:37","slug":"5-14-xanthine-derivatives","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/5-14-xanthine-derivatives\/","title":{"raw":"5.14 Xanthine Derivatives","rendered":"5.14 Xanthine Derivatives"},"content":{"raw":"Theophylline is a xanthine derivative.\n\nMechanism of Action<\/strong>\n\nTheophylline relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by inhibition of the enzyme phosphodiesterase and suppresses airway responsiveness to stimuli that cause bronchoconstriction.\n\nIndications for Use<\/strong>\n\nTheophylline is used for the long-term management of persistent asthma that is unresponsive to beta agonists or inhaled corticosteroids.\n\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong>\n\nTheophylline can cause nausea, vomiting, CNS stimulation, nervousness, and insomnia.[footnote]Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S. (2018). Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice <\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nPatient Teaching & Education<\/strong>\n\nPatients should be sure to take medications as prescribed at appropriate intervals.\u00a0 They should avoid irritants and drink fluids to help thin secretions.\u00a0 Patients will need serum blood levels tested every six to twelve months.[footnote]uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nNow let's take a closer look at the medication grid on theophylline in Table 5.14.[footnote]This work is a derivative of\u00a0Pharmacology Notes: Nursing Implications for Clinical Practice<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Gloria Velarde<\/a>\u00a0licensed under\u00a0CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a>.[\/footnote], [footnote]Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S. (2018).\u00a0Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice\u00a0<\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.[\/footnote],[footnote]This work is a derivative of\u00a0Daily Med<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a>\u00a0in the public domain<\/a>. [\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nTable 5.14 Theophylline Medication Grid\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Class\/Subclass<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Prototype\/Generic<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Administration Considerations<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Therapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Adverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Xanthine<\/th>\ntheophylline<\/a><\/td>\nAvoid caffeine\n\nRequires evaluation of therapeutic blood level to prevent toxicity<\/td>\nLong-term treatment of chronic asthma and COPD unresponsive to other treatment<\/td>\nGI: Nausea, vomiting\n\nCNS stimulation\n\nNervousness and insomnia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","rendered":"

Theophylline is a xanthine derivative.<\/p>\n

Mechanism of Action<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theophylline relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by inhibition of the enzyme phosphodiesterase and suppresses airway responsiveness to stimuli that cause bronchoconstriction.<\/p>\n

Indications for Use<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theophylline is used for the long-term management of persistent asthma that is unresponsive to beta agonists or inhaled corticosteroids.<\/p>\n

Adverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theophylline can cause nausea, vomiting, CNS stimulation, nervousness, and insomnia.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Patient Teaching & Education<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patients should be sure to take medications as prescribed at appropriate intervals.\u00a0 They should avoid irritants and drink fluids to help thin secretions.\u00a0 Patients will need serum blood levels tested every six to twelve months.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Now let’s take a closer look at the medication grid on theophylline in Table 5.14.[3]<\/sup><\/a>, [4]<\/sup><\/a>,[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Table 5.14 Theophylline Medication Grid<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Class\/Subclass<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Prototype\/Generic<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Administration Considerations<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Therapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Adverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Xanthine<\/th>\ntheophylline<\/a><\/td>\nAvoid caffeine<\/p>\n

Requires evaluation of therapeutic blood level to prevent toxicity<\/td>\n

Long-term treatment of chronic asthma and COPD unresponsive to other treatment<\/td>\nGI: Nausea, vomiting<\/p>\n

CNS stimulation<\/p>\n

Nervousness and insomnia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

  1. Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S. (2018). Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice <\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. This work is a derivative of\u00a0Pharmacology Notes: Nursing Implications for Clinical Practice<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Gloria Velarde<\/a>\u00a0licensed under\u00a0CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. Frandsen, G. & Pennington, S. (2018).\u00a0Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice\u00a0<\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  5. This work is a derivative of\u00a0Daily Med<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a>\u00a0in the public domain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[53],"class_list":["post-241","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by"],"part":195,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":242,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/241\/revisions\/242"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/195"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/241\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=241"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=241"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}