{"id":296,"date":"2019-12-08T22:34:10","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T22:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/6-11-antilipemics\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T11:18:03","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T11:18:03","slug":"6-11-antilipemics","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/6-11-antilipemics\/","title":{"raw":"6.11 Antilipemics","rendered":"6.11 Antilipemics"},"content":{"raw":"Antilipemic agents reduce hyperlipidemia that may lead to additional health problems such as stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, and heart failure. Medications should be used in adjunct with a healthy diet and exercise regime approved by the patient\u2019s health care provider.\n

<\/a>Atorvastatin<\/h3>\nMechanism of Action<\/strong>\n\nAtorvastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis, which reduces LDL (low density lipoprotein).\n\nIndications for Use<\/strong>\n\nThis medication is used for hyperlipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease.\n\nNursing Considerations Across the Lifespan<\/strong>\n\nDo not use with patients who have hepatic disease.\n\nThis medication is contraindicated with patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Do not give to patients under 10 years of age.\n\nUse caution with geriatric patients due to increased risk for myopathy.\n\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong>\n\nPatients who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take this medication. A health care provider will assess routine liver function for a patient taking atorvastatin. Nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, increase in blood glucose, rhabdomyolysis, myalgia, or muscle spasms may be produced by taking this medication. Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, causing muscle pain and weakness. Some of the muscle breakdown products are harmful to the kidneys and can cause kidney failure. There may be tea-colored urine or an irregular heartbeat with rhabdomyolysis. [footnote]This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>. [\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nPatient Teaching & Education<\/strong>\n\nPatients should take the prescribed medication as directed and avoid consuming grapefruit juice during drug therapy.\u00a0 The medication should be used with dietary modifications.\u00a0 If the patient experiences muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, these should be reported to the healthcare provider.[footnote]uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nNow let's take a closer look at the medication grid on atrovastatin in Table 6.11a.[footnote]This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>. [\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nTable 6.11a Atorvastatin Medication Grid\n\n\n\n\n
Class\/<\/strong>\n\nSubclass<\/strong><\/th>\nPrototype-<\/strong>\n\ngeneric<\/strong><\/th>\nAdministration <\/strong>Considerations<\/strong><\/th>\nTherapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/th>\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors<\/th>\natorvastatin<\/a><\/td>\nTake at the same time each day, with or without food\n\nReport muscle weakness, feeling tired, abdominal pain, or yellowing of skin or eyes<\/td>\nReduce LDL<\/td>\nRhabdomyolysis, myalgia, and muscle spasms\n\nAbnormal liver enzymes\n\nMay increase blood glucose\n\nNausea, diarrhea, and dyspepsia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n

<\/a>Ezetimibe<\/h3>\nMechanism of Action<\/strong>\n\nEzetimibe blocks the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestines to reduce LDL.\n\nIndications for Use<\/strong>\n\nThis medication is used for treatment of hyperlipidemia and familial hypercholesterolemia.\n\nNursing Considerations Across the Lifespan<\/strong>\n\nIf medication is combined with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, do not give to pregnant or breastfeeding patients.\n\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong>\n\nUse with caution when ezetimibe is combined with additional medication. Patients may experience arthralgia, rhabdomyolysis, hepatic impairment, dizziness, upper respiratory infections, or diarrhea if they are taking this medication. Minimal side effects were reported with monotherapy. [footnote]This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>. [\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nPatient Teaching & Education<\/strong>\n\nPatients should take the prescribed medication as directed and avoid consuming grapefruit juice during drug therapy.\u00a0 The medication should be used with dietary modifications.\u00a0 If the patient experiences muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, this should be reported to the healthcare provider.[footnote]uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nNow let's take a closer look at the medication grid for ezetimibe in Table 6.11b.[footnote]This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>. [\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nTable 6.11b Ezetimibe Medication Grid\n\n\n\n\n
Class\/<\/strong>\n\nSubclass<\/strong><\/th>\nPrototype-<\/strong>\n\ngeneric<\/strong><\/th>\nAdministration<\/strong>\n\nConsiderations<\/strong><\/th>\nTherapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/th>\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor<\/th>\nezetimibe<\/a><\/td>\nTake at the same time each day, with or without food\n\nReport muscle weakness, feeling tired, abdominal pain, or yellowing of skin or eyes<\/td>\nReduce LDL<\/td>\nArthralgia, rhabdomyolysis\n\nHepatic impairment\n\nDizziness\n\nUpper respiratory infection\n\nDiarrhea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n ","rendered":"

Antilipemic agents reduce hyperlipidemia that may lead to additional health problems such as stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, and heart failure. Medications should be used in adjunct with a healthy diet and exercise regime approved by the patient\u2019s health care provider.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Atorvastatin<\/h3>\n

Mechanism of Action<\/strong><\/p>\n

Atorvastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis, which reduces LDL (low density lipoprotein).<\/p>\n

Indications for Use<\/strong><\/p>\n

This medication is used for hyperlipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease.<\/p>\n

Nursing Considerations Across the Lifespan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do not use with patients who have hepatic disease.<\/p>\n

This medication is contraindicated with patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Do not give to patients under 10 years of age.<\/p>\n

Use caution with geriatric patients due to increased risk for myopathy.<\/p>\n

Adverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take this medication. A health care provider will assess routine liver function for a patient taking atorvastatin. Nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, increase in blood glucose, rhabdomyolysis, myalgia, or muscle spasms may be produced by taking this medication. Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, causing muscle pain and weakness. Some of the muscle breakdown products are harmful to the kidneys and can cause kidney failure. There may be tea-colored urine or an irregular heartbeat with rhabdomyolysis. [1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Patient Teaching & Education<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patients should take the prescribed medication as directed and avoid consuming grapefruit juice during drug therapy.\u00a0 The medication should be used with dietary modifications.\u00a0 If the patient experiences muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, these should be reported to the healthcare provider.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Now let’s take a closer look at the medication grid on atrovastatin in Table 6.11a.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Table 6.11a Atorvastatin Medication Grid<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Class\/<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subclass<\/strong><\/th>\n

Prototype-<\/strong><\/p>\n

generic<\/strong><\/th>\n

Administration <\/strong>Considerations<\/strong><\/th>\nTherapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/th>\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors<\/th>\natorvastatin<\/a><\/td>\nTake at the same time each day, with or without food<\/p>\n

Report muscle weakness, feeling tired, abdominal pain, or yellowing of skin or eyes<\/td>\n

Reduce LDL<\/td>\nRhabdomyolysis, myalgia, and muscle spasms<\/p>\n

Abnormal liver enzymes<\/p>\n

May increase blood glucose<\/p>\n

Nausea, diarrhea, and dyspepsia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/a>Ezetimibe<\/h3>\n

Mechanism of Action<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ezetimibe blocks the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestines to reduce LDL.<\/p>\n

Indications for Use<\/strong><\/p>\n

This medication is used for treatment of hyperlipidemia and familial hypercholesterolemia.<\/p>\n

Nursing Considerations Across the Lifespan<\/strong><\/p>\n

If medication is combined with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, do not give to pregnant or breastfeeding patients.<\/p>\n

Adverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n

Use with caution when ezetimibe is combined with additional medication. Patients may experience arthralgia, rhabdomyolysis, hepatic impairment, dizziness, upper respiratory infections, or diarrhea if they are taking this medication. Minimal side effects were reported with monotherapy. [4]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Patient Teaching & Education<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patients should take the prescribed medication as directed and avoid consuming grapefruit juice during drug therapy.\u00a0 The medication should be used with dietary modifications.\u00a0 If the patient experiences muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, this should be reported to the healthcare provider.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Now let’s take a closer look at the medication grid for ezetimibe in Table 6.11b.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Table 6.11b Ezetimibe Medication Grid<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Class\/<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subclass<\/strong><\/th>\n

Prototype-<\/strong><\/p>\n

generic<\/strong><\/th>\n

Administration<\/strong><\/p>\n

Considerations<\/strong><\/th>\n

Therapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/th>\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor<\/th>\nezetimibe<\/a><\/td>\nTake at the same time each day, with or without food<\/p>\n

Report muscle weakness, feeling tired, abdominal pain, or yellowing of skin or eyes<\/td>\n

Reduce LDL<\/td>\nArthralgia, rhabdomyolysis<\/p>\n

Hepatic impairment<\/p>\n

Dizziness<\/p>\n

Upper respiratory infection<\/p>\n

Diarrhea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

  1. This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  5. uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  6. This work is a derivative of Daily Med<\/a> by U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[53],"class_list":["post-296","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by"],"part":250,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":297,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/296\/revisions\/297"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/250"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/296\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=296"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=296"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}