{"id":462,"date":"2019-12-01T20:17:12","date_gmt":"2019-12-01T20:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/10-9-antigout\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T11:31:06","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T11:31:06","slug":"10-9-antigout","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/10-9-antigout\/","title":{"raw":"10.9 Antigout","rendered":"10.9 Antigout"},"content":{"raw":"
\n\nAntigout medications are used to treat gout, a musculoskeletal disorder. Some antigout medications, such as colchicine, are classified as anti-inflammatory medication. Allopurinol is commonly used to prevent gout from recurring.\n

<\/a>Allopurinol<\/h2>\nMechanism of Action<\/strong>\n\nAllopurinol blocks the production of uric acid by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase.[footnote]Vallerand, A., & Sanoski, C. A. (2019). Davis\u2019s Drug Guide for Nurses <\/em>(16th ed.). F.A. Davis Company.[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nIndications for Use<\/strong>\n\nAllopurinol is used for the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis and nephropathy and for the treatment of secondary hyperuricemia.\n\nNursing Considerations Across the Lifespan<\/strong>\n\nAllopurinol is safe for all ages. For patients with renal impairment, the dose will be reduced.\n\nAdverse\/Side Effects <\/strong>\n\nAdverse effects include hypotension, flushing, hypertension, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, hepatitis, renal failure, or a drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome or drug hypersensitivity syndrome.[footnote]Cleveland Clinic. (2017, January 26). Acute v. chronic pain.<\/em> https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/12051-acute-vs-chronic-pain<\/a>. [\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nPatient Teaching & Education<\/strong>\n\nThe medication should be taken as directed.\u00a0 An alkaline diet may be ordered for the patient, and they may be advised to increase fluid intake to prevent kidney stone formation. The medication may cause dizziness or drowsiness. Patients who consume large amounts of alcohol may increase uric acid concentrations and decrease the effectiveness of the medication.\u00a0 If patients develop a rash or blood in the urine, this should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider.[footnote]uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nNow let\u2019s take a closer look at the medication grid on allopurinol in Table 10.9.[footnote]Frandsen, G., & Pennington, S. (2018).\u00a0Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice\u00a0<\/em>(11th ed.). pg. 305, 310, 952-953, 959-960. Wolters Kluwer.[\/footnote],[footnote]Vallerand, A., & Sanoski, C. A. (2019). Davis\u2019s Drug Guide for Nurses\u00a0<\/em>(16th ed.). F.A. Davis Company.[\/footnote],[footnote]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, August 28). Opioid overdose, CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain.<\/em>\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/prescribing\/guideline.html<\/a>. [\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nTable 10.9 Allopurinol Medication Grid\n\n\n\n\n
Class\/<\/strong>\n\nSubclass<\/strong><\/th>\nPrototype-<\/strong>\n\ngeneric<\/strong><\/th>\nAdministration <\/strong>Considerations<\/strong><\/th>\nTherapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/th>\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Antigout agent<\/th>\nallopurinol<\/a><\/td>\nMay be given with milk or meals to decrease stomach upset\n\nGive with plenty of water\n\nMay be crushed\n\nMonitor patient\u2019s intake and output\n\nMonitor hematologic, renal, and liver functions before and during therapy\n\nIf rash occurs, notify healthcare provider<\/td>\nPrevention and treatment of attacks of gouty arthritis and nephropathy\n\nTreatment of secondary hyperuricemia<\/td>\nHypotension\n\nFlushing\n\nHypertension\n\nDrowsiness\n\nNausea and vomiting\n\nDiarrhea\n\nHepatitis\n\nRash\n\nRenal failure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n

Antigout medications are used to treat gout, a musculoskeletal disorder. Some antigout medications, such as colchicine, are classified as anti-inflammatory medication. Allopurinol is commonly used to prevent gout from recurring.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Allopurinol<\/h2>\n

Mechanism of Action<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allopurinol blocks the production of uric acid by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Indications for Use<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allopurinol is used for the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis and nephropathy and for the treatment of secondary hyperuricemia.<\/p>\n

Nursing Considerations Across the Lifespan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allopurinol is safe for all ages. For patients with renal impairment, the dose will be reduced.<\/p>\n

Adverse\/Side Effects <\/strong><\/p>\n

Adverse effects include hypotension, flushing, hypertension, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, hepatitis, renal failure, or a drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome or drug hypersensitivity syndrome.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Patient Teaching & Education<\/strong><\/p>\n

The medication should be taken as directed.\u00a0 An alkaline diet may be ordered for the patient, and they may be advised to increase fluid intake to prevent kidney stone formation. The medication may cause dizziness or drowsiness. Patients who consume large amounts of alcohol may increase uric acid concentrations and decrease the effectiveness of the medication.\u00a0 If patients develop a rash or blood in the urine, this should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Now let\u2019s take a closer look at the medication grid on allopurinol in Table 10.9.[4]<\/sup><\/a>,[5]<\/sup><\/a>,[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Table 10.9 Allopurinol Medication Grid<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Class\/<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subclass<\/strong><\/th>\n

Prototype-<\/strong><\/p>\n

generic<\/strong><\/th>\n

Administration <\/strong>Considerations<\/strong><\/th>\nTherapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/th>\nAdverse\/Side Effects<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Antigout agent<\/th>\nallopurinol<\/a><\/td>\nMay be given with milk or meals to decrease stomach upset<\/p>\n

Give with plenty of water<\/p>\n

May be crushed<\/p>\n

Monitor patient\u2019s intake and output<\/p>\n

Monitor hematologic, renal, and liver functions before and during therapy<\/p>\n

If rash occurs, notify healthcare provider<\/td>\n

Prevention and treatment of attacks of gouty arthritis and nephropathy<\/p>\n

Treatment of secondary hyperuricemia<\/td>\n

Hypotension<\/p>\n

Flushing<\/p>\n

Hypertension<\/p>\n

Drowsiness<\/p>\n

Nausea and vomiting<\/p>\n

Diarrhea<\/p>\n

Hepatitis<\/p>\n

Rash<\/p>\n

Renal failure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

  1. Vallerand, A., & Sanoski, C. A. (2019). Davis\u2019s Drug Guide for Nurses <\/em>(16th ed.). F.A. Davis Company. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. Cleveland Clinic. (2017, January 26). Acute v. chronic pain.<\/em> https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/12051-acute-vs-chronic-pain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. Frandsen, G., & Pennington, S. (2018).\u00a0Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice\u00a0<\/em>(11th ed.). pg. 305, 310, 952-953, 959-960. Wolters Kluwer. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  5. Vallerand, A., & Sanoski, C. A. (2019). Davis\u2019s Drug Guide for Nurses\u00a0<\/em>(16th ed.). F.A. Davis Company. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, August 28). Opioid overdose, CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain.<\/em>\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/prescribing\/guideline.html<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[53],"class_list":["post-462","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by"],"part":436,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":463,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/462\/revisions\/463"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/436"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/462\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=462"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=462"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}