{"id":57,"date":"2019-09-18T16:43:58","date_gmt":"2019-09-18T16:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/1-glossary\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T10:51:59","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T10:51:59","slug":"1-glossary","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/1-glossary\/","title":{"raw":"I. Glossary","rendered":"I. Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"

Absorption:<\/strong> The first stage of pharmacokinetics: medications enter the body and travel from site of administration into the body's circulation.<\/p>\n

Adverse Effect:<\/strong> An unintended and potentially dangerous pharmacological effect that occurs when a medication is administered correctly.<\/p>\n

Affinity:<\/strong> The strength of binding between drug and receptor.<\/p>\n

Agonist:<\/strong> A drug that binds to a \"receptor\" and produces an effect.<\/p>\n

Antagonist:<\/strong> A molecule that prevents the action of other molecules, often by competing for a cellular receptor; opposite of agonist.<\/p>\n

Bioavailability:<\/strong>\u00a0 The presence of a drug in the blood stream after it is administered.<\/p>\n

Blood-Brain Barrier:<\/strong> A nearly impenetrable barricade that is built from a tightly woven mesh of capillaries cemented together to protect the brain from potentially dangerous substances such as poisons or viruses.<\/p>\n

Distribution:<\/strong> The second stage of pharmacokinetics; the process by which medication is distributed throughout the body.<\/p>\n

Dose-Response:<\/strong> As the dose of a drug increases, the response should also increase. The slope of the curve is characteristic of the particular drug-receptor interaction.<\/p>\n

Duration:\u00a0<\/strong> The length of time that a medication is producing its desired therapeutic effect.<\/p>\n

Efficacy:<\/strong> The maximum effect of which the drug is capable.<\/p>\n

Excretion:<\/strong> The final stage of pharmacokinetics; the process whereby drug byproducts and metabolites are eliminated from the body.<\/p>\n

First Pass Effect:<\/strong> The inactivation of orally or enterally administered drugs in the liver and intestines.<\/p>\n

Mechanism of Action:<\/strong>\u00a0 How a medication works at a cellular level within the body.<\/p>\n

Metabolism:<\/strong> The breakdown of a drug molecule via enzymes in the liver (primarily) or intestines (secondarily).<\/p>\n

Onset:<\/strong> When a medication first begins to work and exerts a therapeutic effect.<\/p>\n

Peak:<\/strong> When the maximum concentration of a drug is in the bloodstream.<\/p>\n

Pharmacodynamics:<\/strong> The study of how drugs act at target sites of action in the body.<\/p>\nPharmacogenetics:<\/strong> The study of how a person's genetic make-up affects their response to medicines.\n

Pharmacokinetics:<\/strong> The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates drugs.<\/p>\nPharmacology:<\/strong> The science dealing with actions of drugs on the body.\n

Pharmacy:<\/strong> The science of the preparation of drugs.<\/p>\n

Potency:<\/strong> The drug dose required to produce a specific intensity of effect.<\/p>\n

Selectivity:<\/strong>\u00a0 A \"selective\" drug binds to a primary and predictable site creating one desired effect. A \"non-selective\" drug can bind to many different and unpredictable receptor sites with potential side effects.<\/p>\n

Side Effect:<\/strong> Effect of a drug, other than the desired effect, sometimes in an organ other than the target organ.<\/p>\n

Therapeutic Index:<\/strong>\u00a0 A quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug that compares the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect versus the amount of drug that produces a toxic effect.\u00a0 Medication with a large therapeutic index is safer than a medication with a small therapeutic index.<\/p>\n

Therapeutic Window:<\/strong> The dosing window in which the safest and most effective treatment will occur.<\/p>","rendered":"

Absorption:<\/strong> The first stage of pharmacokinetics: medications enter the body and travel from site of administration into the body’s circulation.<\/p>\n

Adverse Effect:<\/strong> An unintended and potentially dangerous pharmacological effect that occurs when a medication is administered correctly.<\/p>\n

Affinity:<\/strong> The strength of binding between drug and receptor.<\/p>\n

Agonist:<\/strong> A drug that binds to a “receptor” and produces an effect.<\/p>\n

Antagonist:<\/strong> A molecule that prevents the action of other molecules, often by competing for a cellular receptor; opposite of agonist.<\/p>\n

Bioavailability:<\/strong>\u00a0 The presence of a drug in the blood stream after it is administered.<\/p>\n

Blood-Brain Barrier:<\/strong> A nearly impenetrable barricade that is built from a tightly woven mesh of capillaries cemented together to protect the brain from potentially dangerous substances such as poisons or viruses.<\/p>\n

Distribution:<\/strong> The second stage of pharmacokinetics; the process by which medication is distributed throughout the body.<\/p>\n

Dose-Response:<\/strong> As the dose of a drug increases, the response should also increase. The slope of the curve is characteristic of the particular drug-receptor interaction.<\/p>\n

Duration:\u00a0<\/strong> The length of time that a medication is producing its desired therapeutic effect.<\/p>\n

Efficacy:<\/strong> The maximum effect of which the drug is capable.<\/p>\n

Excretion:<\/strong> The final stage of pharmacokinetics; the process whereby drug byproducts and metabolites are eliminated from the body.<\/p>\n

First Pass Effect:<\/strong> The inactivation of orally or enterally administered drugs in the liver and intestines.<\/p>\n

Mechanism of Action:<\/strong>\u00a0 How a medication works at a cellular level within the body.<\/p>\n

Metabolism:<\/strong> The breakdown of a drug molecule via enzymes in the liver (primarily) or intestines (secondarily).<\/p>\n

Onset:<\/strong> When a medication first begins to work and exerts a therapeutic effect.<\/p>\n

Peak:<\/strong> When the maximum concentration of a drug is in the bloodstream.<\/p>\n

Pharmacodynamics:<\/strong> The study of how drugs act at target sites of action in the body.<\/p>\n

Pharmacogenetics:<\/strong> The study of how a person’s genetic make-up affects their response to medicines.<\/p>\n

Pharmacokinetics:<\/strong> The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates drugs.<\/p>\n

Pharmacology:<\/strong> The science dealing with actions of drugs on the body.<\/p>\n

Pharmacy:<\/strong> The science of the preparation of drugs.<\/p>\n

Potency:<\/strong> The drug dose required to produce a specific intensity of effect.<\/p>\n

Selectivity:<\/strong>\u00a0 A “selective” drug binds to a primary and predictable site creating one desired effect. A “non-selective” drug can bind to many different and unpredictable receptor sites with potential side effects.<\/p>\n

Side Effect:<\/strong> Effect of a drug, other than the desired effect, sometimes in an organ other than the target organ.<\/p>\n

Therapeutic Index:<\/strong>\u00a0 A quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug that compares the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect versus the amount of drug that produces a toxic effect.\u00a0 Medication with a large therapeutic index is safer than a medication with a small therapeutic index.<\/p>\n

Therapeutic Window:<\/strong> The dosing window in which the safest and most effective treatment will occur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[53],"class_list":["post-57","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/revisions\/58"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=57"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=57"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.publishdot.com\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=57"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}